Which bone houses the pituitary gland?

The sphenoid bone is the correct choice because it contains the sella turcica, a bony structure that specifically houses the pituitary gland. The sella turcica is a depression in the sphenoid bone that provides protection for the gland, which is an essential component of the endocrine system, responsible for regulating various hormonal functions in the body.

Understanding the anatomical relationship between the sphenoid bone and the pituitary gland is critical for recognizing how the skull protects vital organs and structures within it. The other bones listed do not have a defined structure for housing the pituitary gland, which distinguishes the sphenoid bone as the main bone involved in this protective role.